Related books on 'apoptosis'
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by: davide cattano publisher: VDM Verlag, published: 2009-05-28 ASIN: 3639145798 EAN: 9783639145793 Worldwide every year, anesthetics are used in millions of neonates and infants during surgical procedures and imaging studies, moreover hundreds of pregnant women receive surgery for no-pregnancy related problems. Advances in this field have resulted in an increased complexity, duration, and number of anesthesia procedures. A deep difference however exists between developing and adult neurons. During normal CNS development, an excess of neurons is produced and most of them have to die for the correct synaptic network formation. In this case, death is the default; immature neurons are competent to die and, in the absence of life-signals (trophic supports), they achieve this target by apoptosis, the active programmed-cell-death pathway. Adult neurons indeed, need to survive for the lifetime of the organism, and their premature death can cause irreversible functional deficits.Recent findings demonstrate that the transient exposure to several classes of drugs, including the intravenous anesthetic propofol, during the brain growth spurt period, triggers widespread and dose-dependent apoptosis in the developing brain. |
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by: K.V. Balan publisher: Thomson Gale, published: 2007-04-01 ASIN: B000R3OI76 This digital document is an article from Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy & Phytopharmacology, published by Thomson Gale on April 1, 2007. The length of the article is 5248 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser. Citation Details Title: Antiproliferative activity and induction of apoptosis in human colon cancer cells treated in vitro with constituents of a product derived from Pistacia lentiscus L. var. chia. Author: K.V. Balan Publication: Phytomedicine: International Journal of Phytotherapy & Phytopharmacology (Magazine/Journal) Date: April 1, 2007 Publisher: Thomson Gale Volume: 14 Issue: 4 Page: 263(10) Distributed by Thomson Gale |
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by: V. Clement publisher: Elsevier, published: 2007-05-01 ASIN: B000PKI14W This digital document is a journal article from DNA Repair, published by Elsevier in 2007. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser. Description: Mildly affected individuals from xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group G (XP-G) possess single amino acid substitutions in the XPG protein that adversely affects its 3' endonuclease function in nucleotide excision repair. More serious mutations in the XPG gene generate truncated or unstable XPG proteins and result in a particularly early and severe form of the combined XP/CS complex. Following UV irradiation, cells from such XP-G/CS patients enter apoptosis more readily than other DNA repair-deficient cells. Here, we explore the mechanisms by which UV triggers the apoptotic cell death program in XP-G and XP-G/CS primary fibroblasts. Activation of the CD95 signalling pathway occurs within minutes and it is the earliest detectable post-UV event in such cells. This is rapidly followed by activation of caspase-8 then caspase-3. Several hours later caspase-9 becomes activated and the mitochondrial membrane potential drops, but without any obvious prior release of cytochrome c. Although p53 accumulates in XPG-deficient cells after UV irradiation, use of RNA interference demonstrates that p53 is not required for their UV-induced apoptotic response. p53 ablation of wild-type fibroblasts reduces MDM2 mRNA levels, inhibits accumulation of the 90kDa/92kDa Mdm2 isoforms, and prevents the nuclear relocalisation of Mdm2 after UV treatment. The same post-UV effects occur in XPG-deficient cells that express normal p53 levels. These results emphasise the importance of the extrinsic apoptotic pathway and aberrant Mdm2 events for the severe UV-induced apoptosis of XPG-deficient primary fibroblasts. XP-G/CS cells constitutively overexpress the pro-apoptotic Bax protein and a long isoform of the E2F1 transcription factor that controls S phase entry, which may prime them to enter apoptosis very readily after UV irradiation. |
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publisher: Books LLC, published: 2010-05-25 ASIN: 115684200X EAN: 9781156842003 Purchase includes free access to book updates online and a free trial membership in the publisher's book club where you can select from more than a million books without charge. Chapters: Psychosomatic Medicine, Apoptosis, Antibody, Allergy, Superoxide, Antigen, Growth Factor, Allergen, Inflammation, Calreticulin, Histocompatibility, Macrophage, Immunosuppression, Autoimmunity, Gluten-Sensitive Enteropathy Associated Conditions, Gluten Sensitivity, Polyclonal B Cell Response, Gluten Immunochemistry, Testicular Immunology, Duffy Antigen System, Human Leukocyte Antigen, Gluten-Sensitive Idiopathic Neuropathies, Psychoneuroimmunology, Antimicrobial Peptides, Adaptive Immune System, Innate Immune System, Monoclonal Antibodies, Superantigen, Molecular Mimicry, Fc Receptor, Toll-Like Receptor, Stat3, Cancer Immunotherapy, Immunosuppressive Drug, Stat1, Lck, Active Hexose Correlated Compound, Major Histocompatibility Complex, Polyclonal Antibodies, Thymocyte, White Blood Cell, Fas Receptor, Fas Ligand, Pattern Recognition Receptor, Myd88, Immune Privilege, Stat2, Anti-Gliadin Antibodies, Ocular Immune System, Passive Immunity, Humoral Immunity, Cathelicidin, Trim5alpha, Central Tolerance, Histamine, Interleukin, Intravenous Immunoglobulin, Autoimmune Regulator, Stat6, V(d)j Recombination, Autoantibody, Cpg Oligodeoxynucleotide, Eutherian Fetoembryonic Defense System Hypothesis, Immunoglobulin E, Leukocyte Extravasation, Respiratory Tract Antimicrobial Defense System, Beta-2 Microglobulin, Perforin, Stress and Immune System, Mhc Class I, Immunoglobulin Class Switching, Tnf Inhibitor, Igh@, Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase, Lana, Clonal Anergy, Igl@, Antibody Dependent Enhancement, Allostasis, Pac-1, Immunoglobulin A, Somatic Hypermutation, Artificial T Cell Receptor, Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain, Serum Amyloid A, Immune Tolerance, Original Antigenic Sin, Neutralizing Antibody, Antigen Presentation, Freund's Adjuvant, Trif, Hypersensitive Res... More: http://booksllc.net/?id=14958 |
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by: E.A. Stokes publisher: Elsevier, published: 2004-06-01 ASIN: B000RQZKU2 This digital document is a journal article from Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser. Description: Endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), especially those that are estrogenic, are an issue of growing concern because they may ultimately adversely affect wildlife survival. 17-@b-Estradiol and its synthetic counterpart, 17-@a-ethinylestradiol, two common EDCs, are associated with intersex conditions and impaired male reproductive behavior in fish. Male and female Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) were exposed to 10 ng/l ethinylestradiol for 6 months. Using terminal dideoxynucleotidyl-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) to quantitate cell death, we found that ethinylestradiol-exposed males had significantly fewer apoptotic cells in the forebrain compared to untreated males and exposed females. Our results show that the effects of ethinylestradiol exposure are highly variable among individuals of the same species and even within tissues of the same individual. Thus, when examining the effects of EDCs on natural populations, data from a variety of tissues should be examined and the interpretation of any effects should include consideration of tissue-specific processes. |
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by: Sara Yasemin Demiroglu publisher: Suedwestdeutscher Verlag fuer Hochschulschriften, published: 2010-01-14 ASIN: 3838111702 EAN: 9783838111704 Intracellular heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) belongs to the stress response system and can protect cells from different apoptotic stimuli. Extracellular HSP70 on the other hand can activate cells of the innate and adaptive immune system. Acute overexpression of intracellular HSP70 could even increase the susceptibility of melanoma cells to cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (CTLs) that use the granule-exocytosis pathway for killing (Dressel et al. 1999). To decipher the molecular pathway of this increased susceptibility to CTLs, the effect of the acute overexpression of HSP70 on gene expression was analysed in cells, in which Hsp70 is under the control of a tetracycline-inducible promoter. To reduce the complexity of CTL-induced apoptosis, further experiments were performed with granzyme (Gr)B, a component of the cytotoxic granules of CTLs and NK cells, that has been shown to interact with HSP70. Heparan sulphates on the other hand are involved in GrB-binding to target cells of CTLs and are modified in their sulphation pattern by sulphatases 1 and 2. The role of HSP70 and sulphatases 1 and 2 in GrB-induced apoptosis is analysed. |
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by: Kate Johnson publisher: International Medical News Group, published: 2004-08-01 ASIN: B00082ZJHY This digital document is an article from Skin & Allergy News, published by International Medical News Group on August 1, 2004. The length of the article is 581 words. The page length shown above is based on a typical 300-word page. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Digital Locker immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser. Citation Details Title: Apoptosis linked to etanercept safety, selectivity.(Demartologic Therapy) Author: Kate Johnson Publication: Skin & Allergy News (Magazine/Journal) Date: August 1, 2004 Publisher: International Medical News Group Volume: 35 Issue: 8 Page: 29(1) Distributed by Thomson Gale |
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by: M.M. Gorski publisher: Elsevier, published: 2004-06-03 ASIN: B000RQZM2S This digital document is a journal article from DNA Repair, published by Elsevier in 2004. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser. Description: The Rad50/Mre11/Nbs1 protein complex has a crucial role in DNA metabolism, in particular in double-strand break (DSB) repair through homologous recombination (HR). To elucidate the role of the Rad50 protein complex in DSB repair in a multicellular eukaryote, we generated a Rad50 deficient Drosophila strain by P-element mediated mutagenesis. Disruption of Rad50 causes retarded development and pupal lethality. To investigate the mechanism of pupal death, brains and wing imaginal discs from third instar larvae were studied in more detail. Wing imaginal discs from Rad50 mutant larvae displayed a 3.5-fold increase in the induction of spontaneous apoptotic cells in comparison to their heterozygous siblings. This finding correlates with increased levels of phosphorylated histone H2Av, indicating an accumulation of DSBs in Rad50 mutant larvae. A 45-fold increase in the frequency of anaphase bridges was detected in the brains of Rad50 deficient larvae, consistent with a role for Rad50 in telomere maintenance and/or replication of DNA. The induction of DSBs and defects in chromosome segregation are in agreement with a role of Drosophila Rad50 in repairing the DSBs that arise during replication. |
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by: S. Goerdt publisher: Not Avail, published: 2000-02 ASIN: 3805570619 EAN: 9783805570619 sales rank: 5936118 During the last two decades, anti-inflammatory mechanisms have moved from a neglected field of immunology to the forefront of inflammation research. Anti-inflammatory mechanisms function in various ways: they protect against unwanted immune reactions and contain inflammatory reactions once these are induced. Finally, they secure down regulation and healing after the successful elimination of a noxious agent. Specialized, alternatively activated macrophages play a major role in these processes. Alternatively activated macrophages tend toward preferential secretion of anti-inflammatory cytokines; are capable of removing apoptotic cells and tissue debris without inflammation; and can - along with deactivated immature dendritic cells - deliver tolerance signals to T-cells. Thus, anti-inflammatory macrophages are attractive candidates for a cell-based vaccination therapy of allergic and autoimmune diseases. |
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by: S.J. DeWitte-Orr publisher: Elsevier, published: 2005-06-01 ASIN: B000RR37YM This digital document is a journal article from Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part C, published by Elsevier in 2005. The article is delivered in HTML format and is available in your Amazon.com Media Library immediately after purchase. You can view it with any web browser. Description: Epithelial (CHSE-214), fibroblast (RTG-2) and macrophage (RTS11) cell lines from Chinook salmon and rainbow trout were tested for their sensitivity to gliotoxin, a fungal metabolite. Gliotoxin treatment for 6 or 24 h caused cell viability to decrease in a dose-dependent manner, with effective concentrations (EC"5"0s) being similar for the three cell lines but varying with exposure time. Under some exposure conditions, hallmarks of apoptosis were detected. Apoptosis was evaluated by the appearance of fragmented nuclei upon H33258 staining and of genomic DNA laddering into 180 bp oligomers. Gliotoxin induced cell detachment in RTG-2 and CHSE-214 cultures, under some conditions. These were the only cultures of these two cell lines in which apoptosis was detected, and apoptotic cells appeared more frequent in the detached population. At the highest concentration, 15 @mM, the cells died by an alternative mode, likely necrosis. By contrast, in RTS11 cultures cell detachment was not observed, and apoptosis occurred over a wider concentration range, even 15 @mM, reaching levels of over 90%. The preferential death by necrosis for epithelial cells (CHSE-214) and by apoptosis for macrophages (RTS11) could be a beneficial host response to gliotoxin-producing fungi, leading respectively to the development and then resolution of inflammation. |